APPENDIX 1
The primary tones of spoken English
Tone
|
Pitch movement
| |
Simple
|
Tone 1
|
Falling
|
Tone 2
|
Rising
| |
Tone 3
|
Level (actually showing a low rise in pitch)
| |
Tone 4
|
Falling- rising
| |
Tone 5
|
Rising-falling
| |
Compound
|
Tone 13
|
Falling+level
|
Tone 53
|
Rising-falling+level
|
APPENDIX 2
Raw data
OPRAH’S TEARFUL ANNOUNCEMENT WHY SHE IS LEAVING HER SHOW.
Below is the transcribed version of the Oprah Winfrey speech:
So, on the top of the show I told you that I have some news to share with you (1). So here it goes (2). After much prayer and months of careful thought I decided the next season, season twenty-five will be the last season of the Oprah Winfrey show (3). And over the next couple of days, you may hear a lot of speculation in the press about why I’m making this decision now and that would mostly be a conjecture (4). So, I want it you to hear it directly from me (5). Twenty-four years ago on September 8, 1986, I went live from Chicago to launch the first national Oprah Winfrey show (6). I was beyond excited and as you all might expected a little nervous (7). I knew then what a miraculous opportunity I had been given but I certainly never could have imagined the yellow brick road of blessings that have led me to this moment with you (8). These years with you, our viewers have reached my life beyond all measure and you all have graciously invited me into your living room, into your kitchen, and into your life (9). And for some of you long time Oprah viewers you have literally grown up with me (10). We’ve grown together (11). You had your families and you raise your children and you left the spot for me in your morning or your afternoon depending on when the Oprah show airs in your town (12). So, I just wanted to say whether you have been with me from the beginning or you came on board last week, I want you all to know that my relationship with you is one that I hold very dear (13). And your trust in me, the sharing of your precious time everyday with me has brought me the greatest joy I have ever known (14). So, here we are, half way through the season twenty-four and it still means as much to me to spend an hour everyday with you as it did back in 1986 (15). So, why walk away and make next season the last? (16) Here is the real reason (17). I love the show (18). The show has been my life and I love it enough to know when it’s time to say goodbye (19). Twenty-five years feels right in my bones and it feels right in my spirit (20). It’s the perfect number. The exact right time (21). So, I hope that you will take this eighteen months ride with me ride through to the final show (22). Over this holiday break, my team and I will be brainstorming new ways that we can entertain you and inform you and uplift you when we return here in January (23). And then, season twenty-five we are going to knock your socks off (24). So, the countdowns to the end of the Oprah Winfrey show starts now and until that day in 2011 when it ends I intend to soak up every meaningful, joyful moment with you (25). Thanks everybody (26). I’ll see you on Monday (27).
APPENDIX 3
Analysis for stressed and unstressed words.
So,
|
on
|
the
|
Top
|
of
|
the
|
show
|
I
|
told
|
you
|
/
|
U
|
U
|
/
|
U
|
U
|
/
|
/
|
U
|
/
|
Stress on the word because Oprah want to gain the attention of the audiences.
|
To tell something to the audiences that she promise in the beginning of the show.
|
The starting of the show.
|
Show who is speaking.
|
Show the listeners as in the audiences in the studio and audiences at home.
|
that
|
I
|
have
|
some
|
news
|
to share
|
with
|
you
|
U
|
/
|
U
|
U
|
/
|
U
|
U
|
/
|
Show who is speaking and that the speaker has news to share.
|
The important news that Oprah want to share with her audience
|
Show the listeners as in the audiences in the studio and audiences at home.
|
So,
|
here
|
it
|
goes
|
/
|
U
|
U
|
U
|
Stress on the word because Oprah want to gain the attention of the audiences.
|
After
|
much
|
prayers
|
and
|
Months
|
of
|
careful
|
thought
|
I
|
de-cided
|
U
|
U
|
/
|
U
|
/
|
U
|
U
|
/
|
/
|
/ U
|
The word is stressed because it show that before Oprah make a decision about the show, she prayers so much so that she will have the answer that she want.
|
Months in this transcribe is stress. The word months indicate that she have gone through months of making this decision about her show.
|
The thought to leave the show in which she put in much of prayers and months to come with whatever the result is.
|
Show who is speaking.
|
The decision has been decided by Oprah after she take a very long time.
|
the
|
next
|
season,
|
sea-son twen-ty-five
|
will be
|
the
|
last sea-son
|
of
|
the
|
Oprah Winfrey
|
show
|
U
|
U
|
U
|
/ U / U
U
|
U
|
U
|
/ / U
|
U
|
U
|
U
|
U
|
The season that will be the last season.
|
The last season emphasize the final of the show with the last season of the Oprah Winfrey show.
|
And
|
over
|
the
|
Next
|
cou-ple
|
of
|
days,
|
/
|
U
|
U
|
/
|
/ U
|
U
|
/
|
To continue the conversation Oprah stress on the word ‘and’ then she continue with the speech.
|
After what she said something will come out.
|
Something will come soon connected about this news.
|
The days of which the news will come out that it only take couple of days for the news to come out.
|
you
|
may
|
hear
|
a
|
Lot
|
of
|
spe-cu-la-tion
|
in
|
the
|
press
|
about
|
/
|
U
|
/
|
U
|
/
|
U
|
U U / U
|
U
|
U
|
/
|
U
|
The audience in the studio and at home.
|
It is stress so that it point out that the audience will hear it no matter what the news is all about.
|
Many rumors regarding the issue.
|
Oprah stress on the word ‘speculation’ because if one individual did not hear the news directly from the person then he or she will make story about it.
|
The press is the one who will spread the news and whether the news is right or wrong they did not care.
|
why
|
I’m
|
Making
|
this
|
de-ci-sion
|
now
|
/
|
/
|
U
|
U
|
U / U
|
/
|
The speaker wants to stress on the question why she making this decision.
|
Emphasize on the speaker herself.
|
the word ‘decision’ is to emphasize on the outcome of the answer of the question ‘why I’m leaving the show’.
|
Now means at that moment. This is to emphasize on why only ‘now’ that Oprah made the decision, why not last year or later.
|
and
|
that
|
would most-ly be
|
a
|
con-jec-ture.
|
U
|
U
|
/ / U /
|
U
|
U / U
|
Most of the news can be authentic or unauthentic.
|
The news soon will be spread with the guess make by the reporters to make the story more interesting for the readers.
|
So,
|
I
|
wanted
|
it
|
You
|
to hear
|
it
|
directly
|
from
|
me
|
/
|
/
|
U
|
U
|
/
|
U
|
U
|
U
|
U
|
/
|
Stress on the word because Oprah want to gain the attention of the audiences.
|
To show who is doing the action
|
The audience in the studio and at home.
|
Oprah wants the audience to hear about the news directly from her rather than from the news.
|
Twen-ty-four years
|
ago
|
on
|
Sep-tem-ber eight, nine-teen eighty-six
|
I
|
went
|
live
|
from
|
Chi-ca-go
|
/ U U
/
|
U
|
U
|
U / U
/ /
U /
U
|
/
|
U
|
/
|
U
|
U / U
|
Twenty-four years is a long time for Oprah where the moment of on the first show is very valuable.
|
This date back on twenty-four years ago where the first live broadcast of Oprah show.
|
To show who is doing the action
|
The show is ‘live’ without any preparation or the record of the show to air it later on the television.
|
The place where the live broadcast is.
|
to launch
|
the
|
first
|
natio-nal
|
Oprah Winfrey show
|
U
|
U
|
/
|
/ U
|
U
|
The first of the entire broadcast or the opening of the show.
|
The nationwide broadcasting of the opening of the Oprah show that meet the audiences.
|
I
|
was
|
be-yond
|
excited
|
/
|
U
|
U /
|
U
|
To show who is doing the action. To show the speaker.
|
Oprah feel ‘beyond’ what normal people feel when she hosting her own show.
|
and
|
as
|
you all
|
might
|
expected
|
a
|
little
|
ner-vous
|
U
|
U
|
/ /
|
U
|
U
|
U
|
U
|
/ U
|
The audience in the studio and at home.
|
‘Nervous’ is being stress that it show how Oprah feel when she on live broadcasting. She feel anxiety that she might make some mistake during the show.
|
I
|
knew
|
then
|
what
|
a
|
mi-ra-cu-lous op-por-tu-ni-ty
|
I
|
had been given
|
/
|
/
|
U
|
U
|
U
|
U / U U U / U U U
|
U
|
U
|
To show who is doing the action
|
Oprah know what opportunity that she had been given
|
The amazing opportunity that she had to have her own television show as her own brand show.
|
but
|
I
|
Certainly
|
never
|
could have imagined
|
U
|
/
|
U
|
/
|
U
|
To show who is doing the action
|
Not in way that she could imagine what await her in the future when she accept the offer.
|
the
|
Yel-low brick road
|
of
|
bless-ings
|
U
|
/ U / /
|
U
|
/ U
|
The yellow brick road represents the road that she take that full with miracle.
|
The blessing of piece of good fortune for herself and her beloved audiences.
|
that
|
have led
|
me
|
to
|
this
|
mo-ment
|
with
|
you
|
U
|
U
|
/
|
U
|
U
|
/ U
|
U
|
/
|
‘Me’ is emphasize because me as in Oprah herself. It is to show the audiences which is through the show she meets her audiences all over the world.
|
This exact moment where the show led Oprah towards her audience whether in the studio or at home.
|
The audience in the studio and at home.
|
These
|
years
|
with
|
you,
|
our
|
view-ers
|
have reached
|
my life
|
be-yond
|
all
|
measure
|
U
|
/
|
U
|
/
|
U
|
/ U
|
U
|
/ /
|
U /
|
U
|
U
|
All of the years of sharing the moments with her audiences
|
The audience in the studio and at home.
|
The audiences at home.
|
The viewers have reached her life that she can never expect to be with.
|
Oprah feel ‘beyond’ what normal people feel when all of the viewers watch her show all these years with her.
|
and
|
you all
|
have gra-ciously in-vited
|
me
|
into
|
your living room
|
U
|
/ /
|
/ / U U /
|
U
|
U
|
/ / /
|
The audience in the studio and at home.
|
The audiences have graciously invited Oprah emphasize that they, the audience have watch her show anywhere they can watch it from.
|
The audiences watch the show from the living room where they rest with their family
|
into
|
your kit-chen
|
U
|
/ / U
|
The audiences watch the show from the kitchen when they were cooking meals for the family.
|
and
|
Into
|
your life
|
U
|
U
|
/ /
|
‘Your life’ is to emphasize that the audiences have put the Oprah show as part of their life. If they did not watch the show their life is incomplete to begin with or to end with.
|
And
|
for
|
some
|
of
|
you,
|
long
|
U
|
U
|
/
|
U
|
U
|
U
|
To emphasize part of the audiences of the show.
|
time
|
Oprah view-ers
|
you
|
have li-te-ra-lly grown up
|
with
|
me
|
U
|
/ / U
|
/
|
/ U / U U / /
|
U
|
U
|
The Oprah viewers that follow the show for a long time.
|
The audience in the studio and at home.
|
Emphasize that Oprah and the audience have grown up together not by literal meaning but by technical meaning. It technical meaning means that both the audience and the show ages together.
|
We’ve
|
grown
|
To-ge-ther
|
U
|
/
|
U / U
|
The viewers and the show have grown side by side with each other.
|
Together here is stress to show that the show and Oprah grown together by the technical meaning that means the age if the show and the age of the viewers.
|
You
|
had
|
your fami-lies
|
/
|
U
|
/ / U
|
The audience in the studio and at home.
|
All along the grown up of the show some of the viewers have got married and had a family,
|
and
|
you
|
raised
|
your children
|
U
|
/
|
/
|
/ / U
|
The audience in the studio and at home.
|
Bring up their children.
|
The viewers children that the viewers had after get married but they still watch the show while raised up their children.
|
and
|
you
|
left
|
the
|
spot
|
for
|
me
|
in
|
your mor-ning
|
U
|
/
|
/
|
U
|
/
|
U
|
U
|
U
|
/ / U
|
The audience in the studio and at home.
|
‘Left’ is to emphasize that the viewers booked the time for them to watch the show.
|
The time slot of the show that the audiences make sure to clear out their time.
|
‘Your morning’ here emphasize on the time of the Oprah show airs in that place.
|
or
|
your af-ter-noon
|
depending
|
on
|
when
|
the
|
Oprah show
|
airs
|
in
|
your town
|
U
|
/ U U /
|
U
|
U
|
U
|
U
|
/ /
|
/
|
U
|
/ /
|
‘Your afternoon’ here emphasize on the time of the Oprah show airs in that place.
|
The show title which is Oprah Winfrey Show.
|
The time when the show is air in the town.
|
The viewers town is different because the show is nationwide.
|
So,
|
I
|
just
|
wanted
|
to say
|
/
|
/
|
U
|
/
|
U
|
Stress on the word because Oprah want to gain the attention of the audiences.
|
To show who is doing the action
|
The word is stress to show that what actually Oprah want to say to the audience at the studio and at home.
|
whether
|
you
|
have been
|
here
|
with
|
me
|
from
|
the
|
be-gi-nning
|
U
|
/
|
U
|
U
|
U
|
/
|
U
|
U
|
U / U
|
The audience in the studio and at home.
|
‘Me’ is to emphasize to Oprah. She address herself towards the audiences.
|
From the starting of the show way back many year ago.
|
or
|
you
|
came
|
on
|
board
|
last
|
week
|
U
|
/
|
/
|
U
|
/
|
U
|
U
|
The audience in the studio and at home.
|
‘Came’ here is not that came to something but it instead came to watch the show.
|
‘Board’ is emphasize to show that the audiences that watch the show later than the old Oprah viewers.
|
I
|
want
|
you all
|
to know
|
/
|
/
|
/ /
|
U
|
To show who is doing the action
|
The word ‘want’ is stressed because Oprah wants the audiences to do what she orders.
|
The audience in the studio and at home.
|
that
|
my re-la-tion-ship
|
with
|
you
|
is
|
one
|
U
|
/ / U U U
|
/
|
/
|
U
|
/
|
The relationship that she have with the audiences that she wants to point out for the audiences.
|
‘With’ is being stressed because she wants to stress with whom she want to be related with.
|
The audience in the studio and at home.
|
The one and only relationship that she shared with her audiences that she value so much in her life.
|
that
|
I
|
hold
|
very dear
|
U
|
/
|
/
|
/ /
|
To show who is doing the action
|
She embrace the relationship with her viewers.
|
She valued the relationship like her life is depends on it.
|
And
U
|
Your
U
|
Trust
/
|
In
U
|
me,
/
|
The speaker stresses the word because of the fact that trust is something that is not easy to get.
|
‘Me’ is stressed as to show who is the person being trusted.
|
the
U
|
sha-ring
/ U
|
of
U
|
your
U
|
pre-cious
/ U
|
Time
/
|
The word ‘precious’ is stressed as to give a value to the time.
|
The speaker stresses on the word ‘time’ as to show that she appreciates her audiences who are loyal to her show.
|
Eve-ry-day
U U /
|
with
U
|
me
/
|
The speaker emphasized the word because that is how frequent the audiences have spent their time watching her show.
|
has brought
U /
|
me
U
|
The
U
|
great-est
/ U
|
Joy
U
|
I
/
|
have ever known
U / U
|
The speaker emphasizes the word as to refer to what the audiences have given to her, in this case the audiences’ trust and time.
|
The speaker wants to emphasize the joy level she feels.
|
To show who is doing the action
|
The speaker utters these three words one by one as to make give more emotional impact on the words. Saying the words one by one makes the words stand among all other words.
|
So,
U
|
Here
/
|
We
/
|
are,
U
|
This word is stressed as to show the location and the moment of speaking.
|
The word ‘we’ is stressed as to show who is involved in the conversation.
|
half-way
/ U
|
Through
U
|
The
U
|
sea-son
/ U
|
twen-ty-four
/ U /
|
The speaker has paused after saying ‘season’, thus making ‘twenty-four’ a stressed word. She might want to highlight the season of her show that she is conducting.
|
and
U
|
It
/
|
Still
U
|
Means
U
|
as much
U /
|
To
U
|
Me
U
|
The word is stressed to show the reference to the previous sentence.
|
to spend
U /
|
an ho-ur
U / U
|
eve-ry-day
U U /
|
With
U
|
You
/
|
The word is stressed as to show the exact amount of time the speaker has spent with her audiences.
|
The word ‘you’ is stressed as to give reference to the audiences.
|
as
U
|
It
U
|
Did
U
|
Back
/
|
In
U
|
nine-teen eigh-ty six
/ U / U /
|
The speaker stresses this word because she wants to highlight the time of the event takes place.
|
So,
U
|
Why
/
|
Walk
/
|
a-way
/ U
|
The speaker wants to stress on the question why she leaves her show.
|
‘Walk’ is emphasized to show the intention of the speaker leaving her show.
|
and
U
|
Make
/
|
Next
/
|
sea-son
/ U
|
The
U
|
last?
/
|
The word ‘make’ is stressed to show the action that the speaker takes.
|
The speaker stresses on this word because she wants to emphasize the ‘next season’ instead of ‘this season’ or ‘last season.’
|
The speaker stresses on this word because she wants the audience to get the message that the next season will be the last season.
|
Here
/
|
Is
U
|
The
U
|
Real
/
|
rea-son.
/ U
|
‘Here’ is stressed because the speaker wants to draw the attention of the audience of what she is going to say after that.
|
The speaker stresses on this word because she wants to point that she has the concrete reason of leaving her show.
|
I
U
|
Love
/
|
The
U
|
show.
/
|
To emphasize the feeling of the speaker
|
To emphasize the object of the action
|
The
U
|
Show
U
|
has been
U /
|
My
U
|
Life
/
|
The speaker wants to show that the show has become her life, and is still her life even after she leaves the show.
|
The word is stressed because the speaker wants to show that her show has become her world.
|
and
U
|
I
U
|
Love
/
|
It
/
|
e-nough
U /
|
to know
U /
|
The first time this word is stressed merely to state the speaker’s feeling over her show. The word is stressed for the second time as to show the degree of the speaker’s love towards her show.
|
The speaker wants to refer to her show, not other’s show.
|
when
U
|
It
U
|
’s
U
|
Time
U
|
to say
U /
|
good-bye.
U /
|
The speaker stresses the word ‘goodbye’ as to stress on her serious intention of leaving the show.
|
Twen-ty-five Years
/ U / /
|
Feels
U
|
Right
/
|
In
U
|
My
U
|
Bones
/
|
The speaker stresses on this word as to show that the duration of time of her conducting the show is long.
|
The word is stressed as to make the audiences take note that what the speaker feels is true and right for her.
|
The speaker stresses the word ‘bones’ as she wants to show that the show has become one part of her outer self.
|
and
U
|
It
U
|
Feels
U
|
Right
/
|
In
U
|
My
U
|
spi-rit.
/ U
|
The second occurrence of the word ‘right’ which is stressed gives more emphasis on the meaning of the word.
|
The speaker stresses the word ‘spirit’ as she wants to show that the show has become one part of her inner self.
|
It
U
|
’s
U
|
The
U
|
per-fect
U /
|
num-ber,
/ U
|
This word is referring to the 25 years duration of time of the speaker’s show. The speaker stresses on this word as she wants to tell the audience what she feels about that duration of time.
|
The
U
|
e-xact
U /
|
Right
U
|
time.
U
|
The speaker stresses on this word because she is referring to the show which is already 25 years on air.
|
So,
U
|
I
U
|
Hope
/
|
The speaker stresses the word ‘hope’ because she wants to make the audiences listen carefully of what she expects from the audiences.
|
that
U
|
You
U
|
will take
U /
|
This
U
|
eigh-teen-months ride
/ U U /
|
With
U
|
me,
U
|
The speakers stresses on the phrase because of the fact that the duration of time is not short.
|
ride
/
|
Through
U
|
To
U
|
The
U
|
fi-nal
/ U
|
show.
U
|
The speaker stresses on the word ‘ride’ because she wants the audiences to be with her until the end of the show.
|
The speaker stresses on this word as to make the audiences take note that she wants them to stay tune until the last show.
|
Ov-er
/ U
|
This
U
|
ho-li-day
/ U /
|
break,
U
|
My
U
|
Team
/
|
And
U
|
I
/
|
will be brain-storm-ing
U U U / U
|
New
/
|
Ways
U
|
The speaker stresses on the word ‘brainstorming’ as to highlight and make clear to the audiences of what the speaker and her team will be doing.
|
The speaker stresses on the word ‘new’ as to let the audiences grab the idea of ‘newness’ that the speaker intends to say.
|
that
U
|
We
U
|
Can
U
|
en-ter-tain
U U /
|
You
U
|
This word is stressed because the speaker wants to convince the audiences of what she and her team will do for the audiences.
|
And
U
|
in-form
U /
|
You
U
|
This word is stressed as the speaker wants the audiences to bear in mind that they will get information from the speaker and her team.
|
and
U
|
up-lift
U /
|
You
U
|
The speaker stresses on this word as to make the audiences be sure that they will be uplifted by the speaker and her team who come out with new ideas for the show.
|
when
U
|
We
U
|
re-turn
U /
|
Here
/
|
In
U
|
Ja-nu-a-ry
/ UUU
|
‘Here’ is stressed because the speaker wants to emphasize the intended place and time of her return with her team for a new session of the show.
|
And
U
|
then,
/
|
sea-son
/ U
|
twen-ty-five
/ U /
|
We
/
|
are go-ing
U / U
|
to knock
U /
|
Your
U
|
Socks
U
|
Off
U
|
‘Then’ is stressed as to show the link between what the speaker has told before with what she is telling now.
|
‘We’ is stressed because the speaker wants to highlight herself and her team.
|
The speaker stresses on the word as to give more dramatic on the word despite the way she utters each of the word one by one.
|
So,
/
|
The
U
|
count-downs
/ U
|
To
U
|
The
U
|
End
/
|
Of
U
|
The
U
|
Op-rah Win-frey
Show
/ U / U /
|
Starts
U
|
Now
/
|
This word is stressed to show the link between this sentence with the sentence before.
|
The speaker stresses on this word because
|
The speaker stresses the word ‘end’ because of the fact that the show has come to its end and she wants the audiences to get the message clearly.
|
The speaker stresses that it is ‘Oprah Winfrey show’ that will come to an end, not another show she is involved in.
|
‘Now’ is stressed to highlight that moment of speaking.
|
and
U
|
un-til
U /
|
That
/
|
Day
U
|
In
U
|
Two-thou-sand-e-le-ven
/ U / U U/
|
When
U
|
It
U
|
Ends
/
|
‘That’ is stressed because it refers to a specific day in which the show will end.
|
The speaker stresses on this word because she wants to emphasize that her show is ending soon.
|
I
U
|
in-tend
U /
|
to soak up
U U /
|
ev-ery mea-ning-ful, joy-ful mo-ment
/ U U// /U U/
|
With
U
|
You
/
|
The whole phrase is stressed by the speaker uttering each word slowly and one by one. She wants to stress how valuable the memories she has with the audiences.
|
The speaker stresses the people who
|
Thanks
/
|
ev-ery-bo-dy
U / U /
|
The speaker stresses on this word as to show her appreciation for her audiences.
|
I’ll
U
|
See
/
|
You
U
|
On
U
|
Mon-day
/ U
|
The speaker stresses on this word because she is going to meet her audiences on the following week.
|
‘Monday’ is stressed because it is the day when the speaker’s show is on air.
|
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